What is the significance of Vref in the context of steep approaches?

• A. It defines the maximum allowable stall speed.
• B. It is the approach speed used for landing.
• C. It is the recommended speed for one-engine-inoperative approaches.
• D. It indicates the required speed for stall prevention.

Answer: (B)

Vref is the approach speed used for landing. It sets the target final approach airspeed with the aircraft in the landing configuration, giving you a stable, controllable descent path and enough margin above stall.

In a steep approach, keeping to Vref helps you manage energy and maintain the proper glide path while still having authority to flare and land. Flying at Vref strikes a balance: it’s fast enough to avoid an approach stall, but slow enough to allow a controlled descent and a safe stopping distance. Going much slower increases stall risk, while going faster reduces control authority and can affect the landing profile.